English
General principles of UTP cables installation:
During the installation of cables, sharp bends should be avoided; the cable must not be broken e.g. in the corners. The manufacturers specify the minimum bend radius for each type of cable, which typically corresponds to its diameter multiplied by 6. The cables must not be bent more than 90 ° and they must not be subjected to mechanical pressure. When handling cables (pulling them trough holes or bars), you must not exceed the permitted tensile limits. Pulling the cables with a force exceeding about 10 kg causes their damage by stretching the twisting => susceptibility to a higher error rate! When the cables are laid, they should be mechanically protected, not laid freely. Rather than keeping them under tension, they should be kept loose. The cables are also damaged by frequent manipulation.
A failure to comply with the principles of laying cables can cause deterioration in data transfer and even an interruption of cable routes. Due to the high frequencies, a blockage of data can be caused by mere rearrangement of geometric setting of wires in the cable, although it can be in order from the point of view of its ohmic resistance. The transition places between the cable and the connector are particularly sensitive to mechanical damage, so the cable must be protected from forceful bending and axial tension.
In the case of outdoor installations, the cables should be placed in metal, well-earthed channels, and both ends of the cable should be fitted with surge protection (like in TP computer networks).
In the case of a higher risk of interference, parallel cabling, etc., it is advisable to use the FTP (STP, see Chapter 1.1.5.3) shielded cables and use active network devices (HUB, switch, etc.) with shielding of the cable connected to protective earth (only on one side of the cable!).
Parallel cabling:
It is not permissible to route UTP cables close to power lines. If you cannot keep the minimum distance (0.15 m), especially in DIN rails and plastic ducts, shielded distribution channels must be used for data cabling (galvanized sheet metal ducts). These ducts must have good conductive interconnection in the whole distribution network and they must be connected to the ground conductor of the power distribution network. The UTP cables must be in a sufficient distance (50 mm) from any part of the low voltage (230 VAC) circuits.